The Maldivian people are called Dhivehin. The name Maldives may also derive from Sanskrit माला mālā ( garland) and द्वीप dvīpa (island), or මාල දිවයින Maala Divaina ("Necklace Islands") in Sinhala. 1100 – 1166, the Maldives was also referred to as Diva Kudha and the Laccadive archipelago which was a part of the Maldives was then referred to as Diva Kanbar by the scholar and polymath al-Biruni (973–1048). During the 3rd century BCE visit of emissaries, it was noted that the Maldives was known as Dheeva Mahal. The first Kingdom of the Maldives was known as Dheeva Maari. Etymology Īccording to legends, the first settlers of the Maldives were people known as Dheyvis. The Maldives rejoined the Commonwealth on 1 February 2020 after showing evidence of functioning democratic processes and popular support. The Maldives was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations from July 1982 until withdrawing from the organisation in October 2016 in protest of allegations by other nations of its human rights abuses and failing democracy. The Maldives rates "high" on the Human Development Index, with per capita income significantly higher than other SAARC nations. Fishing has historically been the dominant economic activity, and remains the largest sector by far, followed by the rapidly growing tourism industry. The Maldives is a Dialogue Partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The World Bank classifies the Maldives as having an upper- middle income economy. The Maldives is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. The Maldives became a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The ensuing decades have seen political instability, efforts at democratic reform, and environmental challenges posed by climate change and rising sea levels. Independence from the United Kingdom came in 1965, and a presidential republic was established in 1968 with an elected People's Majlis. From the mid-16th century, the region came under the increasing influence of European colonial powers, with the Maldives becoming a British protectorate in 1887. The Maldives was soon consolidated as a sultanate, developing strong commercial and cultural ties with Asia and Africa. In the 12th century, due to the importance of the Arabs and Persians as traders, Islam reached the Maldivian Archipelago. Documented contact with the outside world began around 947 AD when Arab travellers began visiting the islands. The Maldives has been inhabited for over 2,500 years. Some sources state the highest point, Mount Villingili, as 5.1 metres or 17 feet. The Maldives has an average ground-level elevation of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above sea level, and a highest natural point of only 2.4 metres (7 ft 10 in), making it the world's lowest-lying country. The Maldivian Archipelago is located on the Chagos–Laccadive Ridge, a vast submarine mountain range in the Indian Ocean this also forms a terrestrial ecoregion with the Chagos Archipelago and Lakshadweep. Malé is the capital and the most populated city, traditionally called the "King's Island", where the ancient royal dynasties ruled from its central location. With a population of 515,132 in the 2022 census, it is the 2nd least populous country in Asia. The Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed sovereign states, and the smallest Muslim-majority country by land area. Including the sea, the territory spans roughly 90,000 square kilometres (35,000 sq mi), and a land area of 298 square kilometres (115 sq mi). The Maldives is the smallest country in Asia. The Maldives' chain of 26 atolls stretches across the equator from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to Addu Atoll in the south. The Maldives is southwest of Sri Lanka and India, about 750 kilometres (470 miles 400 nautical miles) from the Asian continent's mainland. Dhivehi Raajje in Dhivehi means "Kingdom of the Dhivehi people". The name may derive from the Sanskrit word "maladvipa" meaning "garland of islands". The word "Maldives" means "the islands (dives) of Male". The Maldives is named after the main island and capital of Male. The Maldives ( / ˈ m ɔː l d i v z/ ⓘ MAWL-deevz Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, romanized: Dhivehi Raajje, Dhivehi pronunciation: ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, Dhivehi pronunciation: ), is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean. United States dollar ( USD, used in Maldivian resort islands).
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